Internet Infrastructure
Oke..
Mggu nie nye citer ialah sal Internet Infrastructure..
First skli nk ckp sal hierarchy internet nie…
1. From sigle computer to LAN
2. From LAN to ISP
3. From ISP to WWW.
Mcm biase la.. kalo nak connect internet nie kne la d bende2 asas nie cam,,
· Computer
· Web browser
· And aslo internet access
Lets take a look at.. Internet Protocol (IP)
What is that?
· internet standard protocol that provide a common layer over dissimilar network.
· Every computer assign unique IP address
· IP address consist of 32 bits (shown as 4 octets of numbers from 0-225 represented in decimal form instead of binary.
o For example - 168.212.226.204
o 10101000.11010100.11100010.11001100
· IP add consists of 2 part.
o Identifying the network
o Identifying the node/host
· Class of addresses determines which part belongs to the network add & which part belongs to node.
· All nodes on a given network share the same network prefix but must have a unique host number.
There are 5 different class of network, class A, class B, class C, class D, and class E.
Class A
• Binary add start with 0 therefore decimal number can be anywhere from 1 to 126
• The first 8 bits (the first octet) identify the network and the remaining 24 bits indicate the host within the network.
Class B
• Binary add start with 10 = decimal number can be anywhere from 128 to 191
• The number 127 is reserved for loopback and is used for internal testing on the local machine)
• The first 16 bits (first 2 octet) = identify the network & the remaining 16 bit indicate the host
• 168.212.226.204
Class C
• Binary add start with 110 = decimal number can be anywhere from 192 to 223
• The first 24 bits (first 3 octets) = identify the network
• 200.168.212.226
Class D
• Binary add start with 1110 = decimal number can be anywhere from 224 to 239
• Used to support multicasting
Class E
• Binary add start with 1111 = decimal number can be anywhere from 240 to 225
• Used for experimentation, never been documented or utilized in a standard way
The other things is Domain Name System (DNS)
Internet service that translates domain names like www.mangareader.com into numerical IP address like 204.62.131.129
Why we use DNS?
domain names are alphabetic (easier to remember)
More information
- IAP (Internet Access Provider)
- (IAP) A company or other origanisation which provides access to the Internet to businesses and/or consumers. An IAP purchases an Internet link from another company that has a direct link to the Internet and resells portions of that bandwidth to the general public.
- ISP (internet Service Provider)
- An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides access to the Internet.
- Internet service providers can be either community-owned and non-profit, or privately owned and for-profit.
- Access ISPs directly connect clients to the Internet using copper wires, wireless or fiber-optic connections. Hosting ISPs lease server space for smaller businesses and other people (colocation). Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs to access ISPs.
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
- Hypertext is a multi-linear set of objects, building a network by using logical links (the so called hyperlinks) between the nodes (e.g. text or words). HTTP is the protocol to exchange or transfer hypertext.
- The standards development of HTTP was coordinated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), culminating in the publication of a series of Requests for Comments (RFCs), most notably RFC 2616 (June 1999), which defines HTTP/1.1, the version of HTTP in common use.
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